Braces

Braces move teeth by applying controlled, continuous pressure that prompts bone remodeling around the tooth roots. Small brackets bonded to each tooth hold an archwire that delivers gentle forces; the wire is adjusted periodically to guide teeth into new positions. This biologic process allows predictable movement while surrounding tissues adapt to the changing alignment.

Orthodontists plan each stage of movement to balance force levels, tooth position, and overall bite function. Modern materials, such as nickel-titanium and stainless-steel wires, provide consistent forces with fewer painful spikes. Regular monitoring ensures movement proceeds as intended and helps prevent unwanted side effects.

Early evaluation is recommended so clinicians can identify developing problems and determine the optimal timing for treatment. The American and pediatric orthodontic guidelines suggest an initial screening around age 7 because this is when permanent teeth and jaw relationships become easier to assess. A timely evaluation does not always mean immediate treatment, but it allows for monitoring and planning.

When early intervention is appropriate—often called interceptive or two-phase orthodontics—treatment can guide jaw growth and create space for erupting adult teeth. For many children, definitive comprehensive treatment begins later during the adolescent growth spurt when most permanent teeth are present. Your child’s growth pattern, dental development, and functional concerns will determine the individualized timeline.

Traditional metal braces remain a versatile and effective option for a wide range of tooth movements and complex bite corrections. Ceramic brackets and clear or tooth-colored options provide a more discreet appearance while still allowing fixed-mechanical control for many routine cases. Clinicians sometimes combine materials, using ceramic brackets on front teeth for aesthetics and metal brackets in the back for added strength.

In select situations, removable clear aligners may be an alternative to fixed braces and can be appropriate for motivated teens with mild to moderate alignment concerns. The choice of system depends on the treatment goals, required tooth movements, oral hygiene habits, and the patient’s lifestyle. An orthodontic evaluation helps determine which appliance will deliver the most efficient and stable result.

Consistent oral hygiene is essential while wearing braces because brackets and wires create extra surfaces for plaque to accumulate. Brushing after meals with a fluoride toothpaste, using an interdental brush or floss threader to clean between wires, and rinsing regularly help protect enamel and gums. Establishing a simple routine and supervising younger children will improve compliance and oral health outcomes.

In addition to brushing and flossing, routine dental cleanings and checkups remain important to monitor gum health and prevent cavities during orthodontic treatment. Fluoride treatments and sealants can be considered to add protection on vulnerable tooth surfaces. Clear communication between the orthodontist and family ensures home care is tailored to the child’s needs.

Certain foods increase the risk of broken brackets and bent wires, so avoiding very hard, sticky, or overly chewy items helps maintain appliance integrity. Examples include whole nuts, hard candies, popcorn kernels, ice, and sticky sweets such as caramels or taffy. Cutting raw fruits and vegetables into smaller pieces and choosing softer alternatives reduces accidental damage during treatment.

Chewing habits like using teeth to open packages or biting fingernails should also be discouraged because they can dislodge components of the braces. When a break occurs, prompt attention prevents delays in treatment progress. Your orthodontic team will provide a detailed list of recommended and restricted foods tailored to the appliance being used.

Mild to moderate soreness is common after initial placement and following periodic adjustments as teeth begin to shift. This discomfort usually peaks within the first few days and diminishes as the mouth adapts; soft foods and cold compresses often provide relief during that window. Over-the-counter pain relievers can be helpful when used according to package directions and with parental guidance.

Orthodontic wax is a simple, effective way to reduce irritation from rubbing brackets or poking wires, and warm salt-water rinses can soothe inflamed soft tissues. Clear instructions from the orthodontic team about expected sensations and practical comfort measures help families manage symptoms confidently. If pain is severe or persistent, contacting the office allows clinicians to check appliance fit and address any underlying issues.

Treatment duration depends on the complexity of the case, the type of movements required, and the patient’s growth and cooperation. Many children and teens complete active orthodontic treatment in roughly one to three years, but some cases require shorter or longer timelines based on specific goals. Regular appointments and adherence to the orthodontist’s guidance—such as wearing elastics when prescribed—help keep treatment on schedule.

Timing can also be influenced by whether two-phase treatment is necessary, starting with early growth modification followed by comprehensive alignment later. During the evaluation, the orthodontist will review expected milestones and provide an estimated timeline tailored to the patient. Periodic progress reviews allow the team to adjust plans and keep families informed about anticipated completion.

Retention stabilizes tooth positions after active movement so the surrounding bone and soft tissues can adapt and support the new alignment. Retainers—either removable appliances or fixed bonded wires—hold the teeth in place during this critical period and reduce the chance of relapse. The exact retainer type and wear schedule are customized to the patient’s case and the nature of the original correction.

Long-term retention and occasional follow-up visits help detect small shifts early and preserve the results of treatment. For growing patients, periodic monitoring is especially important because natural changes can continue as the jaws mature. Clear instructions on retainer care, cleaning, and wear time help families protect the investment in a straight, functional smile.

Braces are effective at correcting many bite problems by aligning teeth and coordinating how the upper and lower jaws meet. In growing patients, early orthodontic approaches can influence jaw development and improve functional relationships, potentially minimizing the need for more invasive procedures later. Complex bite discrepancies may require a combination of braces, orthodontic appliances, or collaboration with other specialists to achieve ideal function and facial balance.

Treatment planning considers the patient’s growth stage, the severity of the skeletal discrepancy, and long-term stability goals. Two-phase treatment is sometimes recommended when early intervention can modify growth patterns and prepare the mouth for a more efficient second phase. An individualized assessment determines whether growth guidance is appropriate for a particular child or teen.

If a bracket or wire becomes loose or breaks, contact Myers Pediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics to schedule an appointment so the appliance can be repaired promptly and treatment progress preserved. In the meantime, covering sharp areas with orthodontic wax and avoiding sticky or hard foods reduces irritation and lowers the chance of further damage. Saving any broken pieces in a clean container can help the office evaluate the problem more quickly.

Avoid attempting major repairs at home; gentle measures such as repositioning a poking wire with a clean cotton swab or placing wax over the area are safe temporary options. The orthodontic team can advise whether an urgent visit is needed or if the issue can wait for a routine adjustment. Prompt professional attention prevents small problems from becoming treatment delays.